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仪器研制
仪器研制
DOI:10.11973/wsjc240151
运载火箭筒体纵缝 DR 检测系统的研制及应用
王文强 ,孙建宇 ,陈 辉 ,杨陈程 ,叶晗鸣 ,姜 恒 ,蒋孝乾 2
2
2
2
2
2
1,2
(1. 上海神剑精密机械科技有限公司,上海 201600;2. 上海航天精密机械研究所,上海 201600)
摘 要:针对运载火箭常态化高强密度发射形势下快速、批量研制的需求,以筒段、波纹管、主
导管等薄壁筒体纵缝为研究对象,根据工件结构特点设计了一套自动化检测装备,并开展了系统基
本性能验证试验,结果显示系统基本空间分辨率可达95. 5 μm,归一化信噪比可达703,满足使用需
求。针对典型产品进行了系统应用验证,结果表明,焊缝图像质量均满足A级技术要求,灵敏度优
于胶片法的,具有较好的缺陷检测等价性,综合检测效率相较胶片照相提升5倍以上;系统通过了
型号工艺鉴定,具备工程化应用条件。
关键词:运载火箭;薄壁筒体纵缝;射线数字成像检测;自动化检测系统
中图分类号:TG115.28 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1000-6656(2025)03-0080-08
Development and application of cylinder longitudinal weld DR detect system for rocket
WANG Wenqiang , SUN Jianyu , CHEN Hui , YANG Chencheng , YE Hanming , JIANG Heng , JIANG Xiaoqian 2
2
1,2
2
2
2
2
(1. Shanghai Shenjian Precision Machinery Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201600, China; 2. Shanghai Aerospace
Precision Machinery Research Institute, Shanghai 201600, China)
Abstract: Aiming at the rapid and batch development needs of carrier rocket under the situation of normal high-intensity
density launch, the longitudinal joint of thin-walled cylinder, such as barrel segment, bellows and main tube, is taken as
the research object. Based on the structural characteristics of the workpiece, a set of automated detection equipment was
designed. Basic performance verification tests were conducted. The results showed the basic spatial resolution of the system
could reach 95.5 μm and the normalized signal-to-noise ratio could reach 703, meeting the usage requirements. Application
verification was carried out for typical products, and the results showed that the weld image quality met the technical
requirements of class A, the sensitivity was better than that of film method, the defect detection equivalence was better,
the comprehensive detection efficiency was more than 5 times higher than that of film photography. The model process was
identified and the system met the engineering application conditions.
Key words: launch vehicle; thin wall cylinder longitudinal weld; X-ray digital radiography; automated detection system
我国近年来连续完成了以载人航天、空间站建 部件 [1-2] 。
设、新一代运载火箭、探月探火、卫星导航为代表的 贮箱及导管产品中包括大量筒形焊接成形件,
一系列重大工程任务。运载火箭作为最重要的航天 例如筒段、主导管、波纹管等,其利用单张或多张板
运输工具,由箭体结构、增压输送系统及飞行控制 材辊弯后通过熔焊或搅拌摩擦焊工艺拼焊成形,主
系统组成,其中箭体结构主要包括氧化剂和燃料剂 要焊缝结构形式为纵缝。受环境条件和焊接工艺等
贮箱等部件,增压输送系统主要包括导管和气瓶等 因素的影响,在焊接过程中,焊缝内部不可避免地会
出现各种类型的缺陷,如熔焊中易出现气孔、夹杂、
收稿日期:2024-04-07
未熔合、未焊透、裂纹等缺陷,搅拌摩擦焊中易出现
基金项目:上海市产业发展项目(HCXBCY-2022-045) 孔洞、未焊透、隧道孔、弱结合、夹杂等缺陷,且具有
作者简介:王文强(1995—),男,硕士,工程师,主要从事射线自
紧贴细微、取向复杂等特点 。为确保产品质量满
[3]
动化检测的研究工作
通信作者:王文强,670757596@qq.com 足严苛的工作环境要求,须对所有拼焊后的Ⅰ级、
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2025 年 第 47 卷 第 3 期
无损检测

