Page 92 - 无损检测2024年第八期

试验研究
试验研究

DOI：10.11973/wsjc202408010

车轴压装界面微动磨损尺寸的非线性检测

吴 伟 ，沈意平 ，胡斌梁 ，王送来 ，蒋 帅 1， 2
1
1
1
1
（1. 湖南科技大学 机械设备健康维护湖南省重点实验室，湘潭 411201；

2. 湖南铁道职业技术学院 智能制造学院，株洲 412001）
摘 要：针对铁路车轴压装界面早期微动磨损检测困难的问题，基于Comsol软件固体力学-弹
性波多物理场耦合模块，建立含微动磨损的车轴压装界面超声检测分析模型。以透射信号基波及
二次谐波的幅值为特征量构建了超声波非线性系数与超声透射系数，讨论了压装界面磨损深度、长
度以及压装力对超声波非线性系数与超声透射系数的影响，提出车轴压装界面微动磨损尺寸评估
模型。结果表明，非线性系数随着压装界面磨损深度、长度的增大而增大，随压装力的增大而减小；
超声透射系数随压装界面磨损深度、长度的增大而减小，随压装力的增大而增大。该结论为车轴压
装界面微动磨损的尺寸定量评估提供了理论参考。
关键词：车轴压装界面；微动磨损尺寸；压装力；非线性系数；超声透射系数
中图分类号：TH878；TB551；TG115.28 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1000-6656(2024)08-0054-09

Nonlinear detection for fretting wear dimension of axle press mounting interface

WU Wei , SHEN Yiping , HU Binliang , WANG Songlai , JIANG Shuai 1，2
1
1
1
1
（1. Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Health Maintenance for Mechanical Equipment, Hunan University of Science and
Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China;
2. School of Intelligent Manufacturing, Hunan Railway Professional Technology College, Zhuzhou 412001, China）
Abstract: Aiming at the difficulty of detecting early fretting wear on railway axle press fitting interface, an ultrasonic
detection and analysis model of axle press fitting interface containing fretting wear was established based on the Comsol solid
mechanics and elastic wave physical field coupling module. The ultrasonic guided wave nonlinear coefficient and ultrasonic
transmission coefficient were constructed with the amplitude of transmitted signal base wave and second harmonic wave
as the characteristic values. The effects of the wear depth, length and force on the nonlinear coefficient and transmission
coefficient of ultrasonic guided wave were discussed, and the fretting wear dimension evaluation model of axle pressing
interface was proposed. The results show that the nonlinear coefficient increases with the increase of wear depth and length,
and decreases with the increase of pressing force. The ultrasonic transmission coefficient decreases with the increase of
wear depth and length, and increases with the increase of pressing force. This will provide a theoretical reference for the
dimensional quantitative evaluation of fretting wear on the axle press mounting interface.
Key words: axle pressing interface; fretting wear size; pressure loading force; nonlinear coefficient; ultrasonic
transmission coefficient

轮轴是铁路车辆系统的关键组成部分，关乎列
收稿日期：2024-01-10
基金项目：湖南省重点研发计划（2023GK2026） ；湖南省自然科学 车运行的安全。轮轴由车轴与车轮经过盈配合装配
基金面上项目（2022JJ30260） ；湖南省教育厅科学研究项目（22B1010， 于一体，承载着列车全部的重量。在旋转弯曲载荷
22C0256）
作用下，轮轴轮座内侧接触区域易出现微动磨损，据
作者简介：吴 伟（1997—），男，硕士研究生，主要研究方向为
统计，微动损伤导致的车轴失效数目占车轴疲劳失
无损检测
效数的90%以上 。大量研究表明车轴微动磨损区
[1]
通信作者：沈意平，yiping1011@163.com
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2024 年 第 46 卷 第 8 期
无损检测