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试验研究
试验研究
DOI:10.11973/wsjc240403
17-4PH 不锈钢轮轴的多通道涡流检测
蒋元元,黄凯华,周昌智,丁 兵,段 昊
(上海船舶工艺研究所,上海 200032)
摘 要:17-4PH马氏体沉淀硬化不锈钢轮轴在进行荧光磁粉检测时,带状铁素体的存在使得
其表面出现了区域性的线性磁痕显示,造成磁粉检测对比度下降。采用涡流检测技术开展试验,首
先对出现磁痕的轮轴部位进行电镜扫描并分析其金属组织属性;其次,根据轮轴特点分析了涡流探
头的线圈结构和应当具备的检测效果;然后,采用ANSYS仿真技术计算了探头线圈参数对于检测
灵敏度、检测深度的影响,分析了激励频率与检测信号幅值之间的关系曲线;最后,设计并制作了
四通道涡流检测探头,开发了轮轴涡流检测工艺并进行了试验验证。试验结果表明,该涡流检测技
术可有效克服轮轴表面带状铁素体带来的干扰,实现对人工刻槽的有效检测。
关键词:ANSYS仿真;线圈参数;激励频率;涡流检测
中图分类号:TG115.28 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1000-6656(2025)03-0049-06
Multi-channel eddy current testing of 17-4PH stainless steel wheel shaft
JIANG Yuanyuan, HUANG Kaihua, ZHOU Changzhi, DING Bing, DUAN Hao
(Shanghai Shipbuilding Technology Research Institute, Shanghai 200032, China)
Abstract: When fluorescent magnetic particle testing is performed on 17-4PH martensitic precipitation-hardened
stainless steel axles, there is a regional linear magnetic trace display due to the presence of banded ferrite. In this paper, eddy
current testing technology was used to study the first part of the wheel shaft with magnetic marks by electron microscope
scanning and analyze its metal structure properties. Secondly, according to the characteristics of the axle, the coil structure
and the detection effect of the eddy current probe were analyzed. Then ANSYS simulation technology was used to calculate
the influence of probe coil parameters on detection sensitivity and detection depth. The relationship curve between excitation
frequency and detection signal amplitude was studied. Finally, a four-channel eddy current detection probe was designed
and manufactured, and the eddy current detection process of wheel shaft was developed and experimental verification
was carried out. The experimental results showed that eddy current detection technology could overcome the interference
caused by the band ferrite on the surface of the wheel shaft and realize the effective detection of manual grooving.
Key words: ANSYS simulation; coil parameter; excitation frequency; eddy current testing
沉淀硬化不锈钢按钢内金相组织形态可分为沉 等领域常将其作为关键零部件的材料 [1-2] 。远洋轮船
淀硬化半奥氏体不锈钢、沉淀硬化奥氏体不锈钢、沉 某型号轮轴即采用17-4PH不锈钢制成,而船舶在航
淀硬化马氏体不锈钢。其中,合金17-4PH是在钢中 行过程中轮轴一直承受着巨大的扭力载荷,其即便
加入铜、铌等元素经沉淀硬化而获得的马氏体不锈 存在细微缺陷也可能带来断轴的风险,因此在生产
钢,该类材料具有耐腐蚀性强、强度高、塑性及韧性 制造过程中需要对精加工后的轮轴进行磁粉检测,
优良等特点,因此航运交通、航空航天工程、核工业 确保轮轴表面不存在裂纹、夹杂物等缺陷,保障船舶
的安全运行 。
[3]
工程中开展轮轴荧光磁粉检测时发现轴身处常
收稿日期:2024-08-22 出现大面积条状、片状磁痕显示 ,经渗透检测该区
[4]
作者简介:蒋元元(1994—),男,工程师,主要从事无损检测技术
域未形成类似痕迹,但是大面积磁痕显示会造成荧
研究工作
通信作者:蒋元元,jy19562020@163.com 光磁粉检测结果的信噪比大幅下降,甚至会导致细
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2025 年 第 47 卷 第 3 期
无损检测

