Page 36 - 无损检测2025年第三期

试验研究
试验研究

DOI：10.11973/wsjc240293

碳钢小口径接管焊缝切向正交线圈涡流检测

试验分析

李运涛 ，高海涛 ，董 熙 1,2
1,2
1,2
［1. 中国特种设备检测研究院，北京 100029；2. 国家市场监督管理总局重点实验室（无损检测与评价）,北京 100029］
摘 要：为了解决带漆层碳钢小口径接管焊缝的表面开口裂纹检测问题，介绍了切向正交线圈
涡流检测技术的工作原理，对碳钢表面开口裂纹的信号特征、允许提离高度进行了分析，并对该技
术的焊缝表面开口裂纹的检测能力进行了试验验证。试验结果表明：表面开口裂纹涡流信号的特
征是相位不变，幅值随裂纹深度的增加而增加，随提离的增加而减少，允许提离高度可达2. 0 mm；
碳钢表面横向和纵向开口裂纹缺陷信号方向相反，焊趾位置纵向裂纹信号弱，对45°斜向裂纹不敏
感；能够检出漆层厚度为0. 54 mm，尺寸（长×宽×深）为5. 00 mm×0. 25 mm×1. 00 mm的碳钢
小口径接管焊缝横向和纵向表面开口裂纹，可允许接管的最小外径为20 mm；应补充沿着焊缝且探
头旋转45°的扫查方式以检测45°斜向裂纹。
关键词：碳钢；小口径接管焊缝；表面开口裂纹；切向正交线圈；涡流
中图分类号：TG115.28 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1000-6656(2025)03-0006-06

Test analysis of eddy current detection with tangential and orthogonal coils of
small-diameter carbon steel tube welds

LI Yuntao , GAO Haitao , DONG Xi 1,2
1,2
1,2
（1. China Special Equipment Inspection & Research Institute, Beijing 100029, China；2. Key Laboratory of Nondestructive
Testing and Evaluation, State Administration for Market Regulation,Beijing 100029, China）

Abstract: To solve the problem of the detection of the surface-breaking cracks in the welds of the small-diameter
carbon steel tube with the paint layer, the eddy current technique with tangential and orthogonal coils was introduced, and
its signal character of the surface-breaking cracks of small-diameter carbon steel tube and its allowable liftoff were studied,
as well as the detectability of the surface-breaking cracks in the welds of the small-diameter carbon steel tube by means of
the specific samples. The experimental results showed that, eddy current signal of the carbon-steel surface-breaking crack
was characterized by a constant signal phase and the signal amplitude increasing as the crack′s depth increases, decreasing
as the liftoff increases, with an allowable liftoff up to 2.0mm, the eddy current impendence signals for the transverse and
longitudinal surface-breaking cracks of the carbon steel weld were opposite, but weak to the longitudinal crack at the weld
toe and insensitive to the 45° oblique crack, capable to detect the 5.00 mm×0.25 mm×1.00 mm (length×width×depth)
transverse and longitudinal cracks in the welds of the small-diameter carbon steel tube with an insulating anticorrosive paint
layer of 0.54 mm thickness, with the allowable outer diameter down to 20 mm, and the scan along the welds with the probe
45° orientation should be supplemented to detect the 45° oblique crack.
Key words: carbon steel; weld of small-diameter tube; surface-breaking crack; tangential and orthogonal coil; eddy current

收稿日期：2024-07-02 碳钢小口径接管常用于连接承压设备与仪表，
基金项目：中国特种设备检测研究院内部科研项目（2022青年11）
常见的小口径接管焊缝包括管座角焊缝、凸台角焊
作者简介：李运涛(1978—)，男，硕士，高级工程师，主要研究方向
为电磁无损检测新技术 缝和对接焊缝。管座角焊缝用于连接小口径接管与
承压设备壳体；凸台角焊缝用于小口径接管的变径
通信作者：李运涛，liyuntao78@hotmail.com
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2025 年 第 47 卷 第 3 期
无损检测