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仪器研制
              仪器研制

              DOI:10.11973/wsjc202406014



                        双轨式钢轨超声检测系统的设计与应用




                                          张海山 ,杨雄伟 ,马红斌 ,王世雄 ,章 罕                 2
                                                         1
                                                 1
                                                                         1
                                                                 1
                        (1.中国铁路青藏集团有限公司,西宁 810000;2.合肥超科电子有限公司,合肥 230088)
                       摘  要:当前的钢轨焊缝检测一般采用便携式超声检测仪进行人工检测,检测效率低,劳动强
                   度大。受钢轨的工字型结构及轨底扣件的影响,钢轨焊缝的自动化检测一直难以实现。为了实现
                   对钢轨焊缝的自动化检测,首先在双轨式钢轨超声检测系统中增加了串列式扫查功能,采用轮式探
                   头取代人工焊缝检测中的串列式扫查,可以和钢轨母材检测同时进行;其次,研发了一种采用机械
                   臂的轨底扫查设备并将其安装于双轨式钢轨超声检测仪上,同样采用轮式探头可实现对焊缝轨底
                   的快速检测,利用轮式探头的良好耦合性实现了对钢轨焊缝的全断面自动化检测,并在现场检测作
                   业中验证了检测效果。结果表明,所设计的自动检测系统可取代人工焊缝检测,显著提高劳动效率。
                       关键词:串列式扫查;轨底焊缝检测;焊缝检测

                       中图分类号:TG115.28      文献标志码:A    文章编号:1000-6656(2024)06-0077-07

                               Design and application of double rail ultrasonic testing system


                              ZHANG Haishan , YANG Xiongwei , MA Hongbin , WANG Shixiong , ZHANG Han 2
                                                                    1
                                                         1
                                           1
                                                                                   1
                                  (1. China Railway Qinghai Tibet Group Co., Ltd., Xining 810000,China;
                                       2. Hefei Chaoke Electronics Co., Ltd., Hefei 230088,China)
                      Abstract: The current detection of rail welds is carried out manually using portable ultrasonic detectors, which have
                   low detection efficiency and high labor intensity. Due to the influence of the I-shaped structure of the steel rail and the
                   fasteners at the bottom of the rail, automated detection of rail welds has always been difficult to achieve. In order to achieve
                   automated detection of rail welds, a serial scanning function was added to the dual rail ultrasonic detection system. A
                   wheeled probe was used instead of the serial scanning in manual weld detection, which can be carried out simultaneously
                   with the detection of the rail base material. Secondly, a rail bottom scanning equipment using a robotic arm was developed,
                   which also used a wheeled probe and was installed on a dual rail ultrasonic detector. It can achieve rapid detection of the
                   weld seam rail bottom. By utilizing the good coupling of the wheeled probe, the full section automatic detection of the rail
                   weld seam was achieved, and the detection effect was verified in on-site inspection operations. The results showed that the
                   designed automatic detection system can replace manual weld seam detection and significantly improve labor efficiency.
                      Key words: tandem scanning; rail base weld inspection; weld inspection


                  当前的机械化钢轨检测设备,无论是检测速度                          的是70°、37°及0°探头的组合,这种探头组合能够有
              高达80 km · h 的大型钢轨超声检测车、检测速度                       效地对钢轨母材进行检测。但是对于钢轨焊缝的检
                           -1
              达15 km · h 的双轨式钢轨超声检测仪还是检测速                       测,当前的机械化检测设备还不能达到标准TB/T
                        -1
              度为3~5 km · h 的手推式钢轨超声检测仪,都采用                      2658. 21—2007《工务作业第21部分:钢轨焊缝超
                            -1
                                                                声波探伤作业》的要求。这主要体现在以下两个方
                 收稿日期:2023-11-24                                面:其一,对于垂直于钢轨上表面的伤损,机械化的
                 作者简介:张海山(1969—),男,工程师,主要从事铁路轨道线路
                                                                钢轨检测设备都不能进行检测,因此在钢轨焊缝检
              大修、维修以及钢轨探伤专业管理等工作
                                                                测作业中,需按照标准TB/T 2658. 21—2007 的要
                 通信作者:章 罕(1970—),男,博士,正高级工程师,主要从事
              无损检测方面的研究工作,1069575018@qq.com                     求采用双探头对轨头轨腰实行串列式扫查。根据标
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                                                                                         2024 年 第 46 卷 第 6 期
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