Page 47 - 无损检测2024年第十二期

活动获奖论文
杯超声检测技术优秀论文评选”
“2024 Evident
“2024 Evident 杯超声检测技术优秀论文评选” 活动获奖论文
DOI：10.11973/wsjc240261

基于多频段加权能量衰减系数的螺栓轴向

应力超声测量方法

何宇琪 ，涂莹谦 ，芶俊轶 ，商秋仙 2
1
1
1
（1. 中国石油天然气股份有限公司西南油气田分公司 重庆气矿，重庆 400021；

2. 重庆大学 机械与运载工程学院，重庆 400044）
摘 要：针对传统的基于声弹性效应的单波法和双波法测量螺栓轴向应力精度不高的问题，提出
一种基于多频段加权能量衰减系数的螺栓轴向应力超声测量方法。首先基于多晶体超声散射理论建
立能量衰减系数与螺栓轴向应力之间的函数关系。其次，为提高模型参数标定以及螺栓应力测量精度，
结合粒子群优化算法确定各频段衰减系数最优归一化权重系数，建立多频段加权能量衰减系数模型。
最后，搭建螺栓轴向应力测量的硬件系统和软件系统，分别使用所提出的多频段加权能量衰减系数法
以及传统基于声弹性效应的单波法、双波法对不同强度螺栓试件进行参数标定和应力测量试验。试验
结果表明，所提方法对高强度短螺栓的测量精度更高，稳定性较好，其平均相对误差仅为3.09%。
关键词：超声检测；轴向应力；多频段加权；能量衰减系数
中图分类号：TG115.28 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1000-6656(2024)12-0013-07

Ultrasonic measurement method for axial stress in bolts based on the
multi-frequency weighted energy attenuation coefficient

HE Yuqi , TU Yingqian , GOU Junyi , SHANG Qiuxian 2
1
1
1
（1. Chongqing Gas Field, PetroChina Southwest Oil and Gas Field Company, Chongqing 400021, China;
2. College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China）
Abstract: In response to the low measurement accuracy of traditional single-wave and dual-wave methods for bolt
axial stress based on the acoustic elasticity effect, this paper proposes a method for measuring bolt axial stress based on the
ultrasonic multi-frequency band weighted energy decay coefficient. Firstly, a functional relationship between the energy
decay coefficient and the bolt axial stress is established based on the theory of polycrystalline ultrasonic scattering. Secondly,
to improve the calibration accuracy of model parameters and bolt stress measurement, the particle swarm optimization
algorithm is combined to determine the optimal normalization weight coefficient of the decay coefficient in each frequency
band, establishing a multi-frequency band weighted energy decay coefficient model. Finally, hardware and software
systems for measuring bolt axial stress are established. The multi-frequency band weighted energy decay coefficient method
proposed in this paper, as well as the traditional single-wave and dual-wave methods based on the acoustic elasticity effect,
are used to calibrate parameters and measure stresses on different strength bolt specimens. This validates the accuracy and
stability of the method proposed in this paper. This method provides higher measurement accuracy for high-strength short
bolts, with an average relative error of only 3.09%.
Key words: ultrasonic detection; axial stress; multi-frequency weighting; energy attenuation coefficient

收稿日期：2024-06-03 螺栓作为连接各类结构的重要部件，广泛应
基金项目：国家自然科学基金（62071123）
用于航天航空、水利桥梁、铁路建筑等领域的大型
作者简介：何宇琪（1991—），女，工程师，主要从事集输工艺的研
工业设备以及钟表仪器等生活常用物品中 。螺
[1]
究工作
通信作者：何宇琪，heyuqi0531@163.com 栓在装备或者结构中所承受的载荷应力必须在适
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2024 年 第 46 卷 第 12 期
无损检测