Page 121 - 无损检测2024年第九期

试验研究
试验研究

DOI：10.11973/wsjc240247

碳钢焊缝典型缺陷的非线性特征

龚思璠 ，潘 伟 ，王庆云 ，陈湘清 ，胡 栋 3
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（1. 湖南省特种设备检验检测研究院，长沙 410117；2. 中南大学 资源与安全工程学院，长沙 410083；

3. 泰安市质量技术检验检测研究院，泰安 271000）
摘 要：为了揭示碳钢焊缝典型缺陷的非线性特征，应用相控阵超声检测仪对6个碳钢试块焊
缝进行检测，基于递归图、盒维数、最大Lyapunov指数和近似熵方法对采集的5种典型缺陷信号进
行了分析。试验结果表明，缺陷信号递归图具有周期性和随机性共存的复杂结构，表明超声波在含
缺陷试块内的传播具有非线性特征，验证了基于非线性动力学理论研究缺陷信号的可行性；缺陷信
号均有较为稳定的盒维数，表明缺陷信号具有分形特征；缺陷信号的最大Lyapunov指数均大于零，
表明缺陷信号具有混沌特征；缺陷信号的近似熵不一样，表明各种缺陷信号的复杂程度不同；缺陷
信号的盒维数值相近，单纯采用盒维数无法对缺陷信号进行准确分类，采用最大Lyapunov指数和
近似熵可以有效识别出纵向裂纹，但对其他4种缺陷信号分类效果不佳。为了更准确地对缺陷信号
进行有效识别，需要融合多种非线性特征指标进行综合判定。
关键词：碳钢；焊缝；典型缺陷；非线性特征
中图分类号：TG142.15；TG115.28 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1000-6656(2024)09-0083-07

Nonlinear characteristics of typical defects in carbon steel welds

GONG Sifan , PAN Wei , WANG Qingyun , CHEN Xiangqing , HU Dong 3
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（1. Hunan Special Equipment Inspection and Testing Institute, Changsha 410117, China;
2. School of Resources and Safety Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China;
3. Taian Quality Technology Inspection and Testing Institute, Taian 271000, China）
Abstract: In order to reveal the nonlinear characteristics of typical defects in carbon steel welds, the welds of six
carbon steel test blocks were detected by using ultrasonic phased array detector. Five kinds of typical defect signals were
analyzed based on recurrence plot, box dimension, maximum Lyapunov exponent and approximate entropy methods.
The results showed that recurrence plot of all the defect signals had complex structures with coexistence of periodicity and
randomness, indicating that the propagation of ultrasonic wave in test blocks had nonlinear characteristics, which verified
the feasibility of studying defect signals based on nonlinear dynamics theory. The defect signals had relatively stable box
dimensions, indicating that the defect signals had fractal characteristics. The maximum Lyapunov exponents of the defect
signals were greater than zero, indicating that the defect signals had chaotic characteristics. The difference in approximate
entropy of defect signals indicated that the complexity of various defect signals was different. The box dimension values
of defect signals were relatively similar which indicated that merely using box dimension cannot accurately classify defect
signals. The use of maximum Lyapunov exponent and approximate entropy can effectively identify longitudinal cracks,
but the classification effect on the other four types of defect signals was not satisfactory. In order to effectively identify
defect signals more accurately, it is necessary to
收稿日期：2024-05-30 integrate multiple nonlinear characteristic indicators
基金项目：国家市场监督管理总局科技计划项目（2022MK090） for comprehensive judgment.
作者简介：龚思璠(1991—)，女，硕士，工程师，主要研究方向为 Key words: carbon steel; welding seam; typical
超声相控阵无损检测技术
defect; nonlinear characteristic
通信作者：潘 伟， 博士，副教授，主要研究方向为安全监测与预
警技术，panwei-82@163.com
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2024 年 第 46 卷 第 9 期
无损检测