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试验研究
试验研究
DOI:10.11973/wsjc240101
机车轮辋缺陷相控阵超声检测的 POD 分析
王善鸿
(中国铁路青藏集团有限公司,西宁 810000)
摘 要:车轮是列车关键的承载部位,轮辋周向及径向裂纹的存在可能对行车安全造成影响。
当前在役机车车轮主要采用常规超声检测技术进行无损检测,存在入射角度单一,难以接收部分自
然裂纹的反射回波等问题。为解决这些问题,结合现有机车无损检测工艺,利用数字模拟的方法,
研究了当前常规检测角度对不同走向缺陷检出率(POD)的影响,并结合相控阵超声检测多角度扫
查的特点,说明了检测角度在提高机车轮辋缺陷检出率中的作用。结果表明,相控阵超声检测利用
了相控阵声束偏转优势,采用多个角度对检测范围进行交叉覆盖,对不同取向的缺陷均有较好的检
测效果,缺陷检出率比常规超声检测的高;相控阵超声的优势主要体现在对缺陷走向的良好适应性
以及对微小缺陷的高检出率上。
关键词:机车;轮辋;相控阵超声检测;检出率
中图分类号:TG115.28 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1000-6656(2024)10-0065-05
POD analysis of phased array ultrasonic detection for wheel rim of locomotives
WANG Shanhong
(China Railway Qinghai Tibet Group Co., Ltd., Xining 810000, China)
Abstract: The wheels are the key load-bearing parts of the train, and the presence of circumferential and radial cracks
on the wheel rims may have an impact on train safety. At present, conventional ultrasonic testing technology is mainly
used for detecting the wheels of locomotives in service, which has problems such as a single incident angle and difficulty in
receiving reflected echoes from natural cracks. To solve these problems, in this paper, combining existing locomotive flaw
detection technology, digital simulation method was used to study the influence of current conventional detection angles
on probability of detection (POD) of defects in different directions. Combined with the multi angle scanning characteristics
of phased array ultrasonic testing, it showed the role of detection angles in improving defect detection rate in locomotive
wheel rim flaw detection. The results showed that phased array ultrasonic testing utilized the advantage of phased array
beam deflection and uses multiple angles to cross cover the detection range. Defects with different orientations had good
detection effects, and the defect detection rate was higher than that of conventional ultrasonic testing. The advantages of
phased array ultrasonic testing mainly lay in its good adaptability to defect direction and high detection rate for small defects.
Key words: locomotive; wheel rim; PAUT; POD
机车车轮在运行过程中,长期受交变应力作 度单一,声束覆盖范围小,扫查效率低。近年来,
用,轮辋部位容易形成周向辋裂或径向裂纹,需要 铁路行业对提质增效的要求越来越高,相控阵超声
进行周期性的无损检测作业。机车轮辋检测多采用 技术逐渐应用于车轮检测中 [1-2] 。相控阵超声检测
常规超声检测(UT)技术,但常规超声探头入射角 (PAUT)技术通过特定排列的小晶片阵列,配合相
控阵电子单元,精确控制每个小晶片的脉冲激发和
收稿日期:2024-03-12 回波信号接收处理,可实现不同虚拟孔径组合,不同
作者简介:王善鸿(1975—),男,工程师,主要从事铁路机务设备
声束角度偏转与不同声束聚焦,从而大幅提高检测
的管理工作,包括机车检测、检修
通信作者:王善鸿,yy3861682@163.com 的效果和效率。
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2024 年 第 46 卷 第 10 期
无损检测

