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“2024 Evident 杯超声检测技术优秀论文评选” 活动获奖论文
“2024 Evident 杯超声检测技术优秀论文评选” 活动获奖论文
DOI:10.11973/wsjc240200
电阻点焊熔核质量的超声原位监测
赵新玉,陈一淳,张佳莹
(大连交通大学 材料科学与工程学院,大连 116028)
摘 要:电阻点焊因易实现自动化焊接等优点而广泛应用于汽车和动车车身制造等领域,传统
点焊质量检测主要采用破坏性试验方法,效率较低,仅能通过抽检进行工艺控制。针对上述问题,
设计了内嵌超声传感器的水冷电极臂,实现了电阻点焊质量的原位在线监测,然后实时采集焊核融
化和凝固过程的超声回波数据,分析超声传播时间与熔核直径的相关性,最后,分析依据超声传播
时间评价焊接工艺参数的可行性。试验结果表明,大于有效焊核尺寸时的超声传播时间和焊核直
径具有较好线性关系,依据超声传播时间可以判定焊接电流和通电时间等焊接参数对形核大小的
影响;该方法可有效监测电阻点焊质量,为焊接工艺控制提供了一种新的手段。
关键词:超声原位监测;电阻点焊;点焊熔核;超声传播时间
中图分类号:TB553;TG115.28 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1000-6656(2024)12-0001-05
Ultrasonic in-situ monitoring of nugget quality in resistance spot welding
ZHAO Xinyu, CHEN Yichun, ZHANG Jiaying
(School of Material Science and Engineering, Dalian Jiaotong University, Dalian 116028, China)
Abstract: Resistance spot welding is widely used in automobile and motor vehicle body manufacture because of the
automation. The destructive experiment is inefficient and can only be controlled by sampling. And destructive experiment
efficiency is low, can only through sampling process control. To solve these problems, a water-cooled electrode arm
with ultrasonic sensors is designed. In situ monitoring of resistance spot welding quality was implemented and real-time
acquisition of ultrasonic echo data of nugget melting and solidification was collected. The correlation between time of
flight and nugget diameter was analyzed. Furthermore, the validity of welding parameters is evaluated according to the
time of flight.The test results show that when the size of the nugget is larger than the effective size, there is a good linear
relationship between the ultrasonic propagation time and the nugget diameter. According to the ultrasonic propagation
time, the influence of welding parameters such as welding current and energizing time on the size of the nugget can be
determined. This method can effectively monitor the quality of resistance spot welding and provides a new means for
welding process control.
Key words: ultrasonic in-situ monitoring ; resistance spot welding ; spot welding nugget; time of flight
电阻点焊是一种基于焦耳定律开发的焊接方 熔化并冷却形核 。电阻点焊工艺过程涉及电、热、
[3]
法,世界上首台点焊机是利用变压器作为电源来实 机械和冶金的相互作用,熔核尺寸和组织形态对焊
现电阻点焊的 [1-2] 。点焊机工作时,通过压紧两端电 点质量有决定性作用 [4-5] 。当前,电阻点焊常用的熔
极臂,使两层或多层金属薄板在焊接处紧密贴合, 核无损检测方法主要有红外辐射法 、焊接参数监
[6]
[8]
[7]
再控制电流大小和通电时间,使工件接触界面局部 测 、涡流磁感应 、X射线透视、超声波扫查 等。
[9]
罗怡等 [10] 利用红外辐射监视熔核变化,发现接
收稿日期:2024-05-07 头状态与开裂、飞溅等焊接缺陷可通过红外信号特
作者简介:赵新玉(1979—),男,博士,副教授,主要研究方向为 征予以判定。然而,由于点焊熔核在封闭环境下形
焊接、检测技术与装备
核生长,难以做到焊核内部温度的直接监测。白志
通信作者:张佳莹(1988—),女,博士,副教授,主要研究方向为
材料的无损检测与评价,zjy@djtu.edu.cn 范等 [11] 利用传感器准确采集焊接电流、电极间电压
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2024 年 第 46 卷 第 12 期
无损检测

