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试验研究
试验研究

DOI：10.11973/wsjc240198

土钉长度的时域电磁反射检测方法

邹学琴 ，叶 涛 ，顾 盛 ，郝 路 ，潘永东 3
4
1
3
2
（1. 深圳市福田区建设工程质量检测中心，深圳 518048；2. 昆山市建设工程质量检测中心，昆山 215337；

3. 同济大学 航空航天与力学学院，上海，200092；4. 浙江师范大学 物理与电子信息工程学院，金华 321000）
摘 要：时域电磁反射法因具有非侵入性与高灵敏度而被广泛应用于无损检测中，且已在土钉
长度检测中展开应用。首先，分析时域电磁反射法基本原理；然后，分别针对土钉半径、平行导体
距离、注浆材料、端部连通条件和激励主频等参数的不同情况进行数值模拟计算，分析电磁波在混
凝土和土钉之间的传播特性，判断时域电磁反射法检测土钉长度的影响因素；最后，进行土钉长度
检测试验，并对不同土钉长度和中间介质的检测结果进行对比。试验结果表明，影响时域电磁反射
法检测土钉长度的因素为注浆材料，而土钉半径、平行导体距离、端部连通条件和激励主频对检测
结果均无影响。
关键词：时域电磁反射法；注浆料；土钉；电磁波；混凝土
中图分类号：TG115.28 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1000-6656(2025)01-0033-07

Time-domain electromagnetic reflection method for measuring the length of soil nails

ZOU Xueqin , YE Tao , GU Sheng , HAO Lu , PAN Yongdong 3
1
4
3
2
（1. Shenzhen Futian Construction Engineering Quality Testing Center, Shenzhen 518048, China; 2. Kunshan Construction
Project Quality Testing Center, Kunshan 215337, China; 3. School of Aerospace Engineering and Applied Mechanics, Tongji
University, Shanghai 200092, China; 4. College of Physics and Electronic Information Engineering,
Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321000, China）
Abstract: The Time-Domain Electromagnetic Reflection (TDR) method is widely used in nondestructive testing
due to its non-invasive and high sensitivity and it has now been applied in the measurement of soil nail lengths. Firstly,
the basic principle of the TDR method was analyzed. Then, numerical simulations were conducted for different scenarios
including variations in soil nail radius, distance to parallel conductors, grouting materials, end connectivity conditions and
excited main frequency. The propagation characteristics of electromagnetic waves between concrete and soil nail were
analyzed，and the factors affecting the length of soil nails using time domain electromagnetic reflectivity method were
determined. Finally, experiment on soil nail length measurement were conducted, the detection results of different soil nail
lengths and intermediate medias were compared. The results indicated that the material of the grouting was a significant
factor affecting the accuracy of soil nail length measurement using the TDR method, while the soil nail radius, distance to
parallel conductors, end connectivity conditions and excited main frequency had no effect.
Key words: time-domain electromagnetic reflection method; grouting material; soil nail; electromagnetic
wave; concrete

时域反射法（Time-domain reflectometry, TDR）
是一种通过电磁波传播和反射的特点来评价被检测
收稿日期：2024-05-06
对象完整性和稳定性的非侵入性、高敏感度的检测
作者简介：邹学琴（1978—），女，本科，正高级工程师，主要从事建
技术。最初，该技术被用来检测电缆故障，随着技术
筑地基基础检测工作
进步，现在也被用于土壤湿度测量和混凝土结构完
通信作者：郝 路，haolu4869@tongji.edu.cn
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2025 年 第 47 卷 第 1 期
无损检测