Abstract: The reliability of nondestructive testing and evaluation (NDT&E) relies on the inspection process. The accuracy and reliability can be improved greatly if the appropriate quality control techniques are used to analyze and control factors during inspection process such as sampling, inspector, equipment, inspection data, defect evaluation, and so on. The theories and application methods of some quality control techniques are introduced briefly, such as statistical sample, measurement system analysis, evaluation of measurement uncertainty, fault tree analysis and even tree analysis, and their application in NDT&E is discussed.