Abstract: In view of ultrasonic detection of railway locomotives and internal axle defects, amendments were proposed to take the radial segment detection methods and linear defects with greater danger were found. The paper analyzed the causes of internal defects and hazards, and introduced the quantitative analysis of the axle line and point internal flaws and points of waveform analysis. Practice has proved that the detection method of radial locomotive axle ultrasonic testing is an effective solution to overcoming the limitations of existing technology and can ensure road safety.