Abstract: Aiming at the problem of the security and protection of oil and gas pipelines in big data era, the basic data,detection data,assessment data,and other data ralated to the security and protection of pipeline were studied.By analyzing the process ofmanufacturing pipe,building pipe,external detection,internal detection, risk assessment and integrity assessment,the feasibility of establishing big data of pipeline is proofed,and its application for overcoming the conservative of assessment criteria,improving assessment criteria,predicting the future security of pipeline is analyzed.The results show that the big data of pipeline will be the new research direction of the security and protection of oil and gas pipelines,and it will play an important role in the safe and efficient operation of oil and gas pipelines.