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    残余应力的产生及其对构件性能的影响

    Analysis of residual stress and its effect on the performance of related structures

    • 摘要: 机械构件及产品制造过程中必然会引入残余应力,其对构件性能和服役寿命有重要影响。残余应力的测试方法众多,X射线测试技术作为一种非破坏性测试方法,由于其理论成熟,方法简单,在工程上得到了广泛应用。笔者阐述了残余应力的产生及其对构件性能的影响,比较了几种典型制造工艺过程产生的残余应力的大小和分布特点,分析了残余应力对构件性能和失效的影响。指出残余拉应力是导致材料早期失效的重要原因之一,一定范围的残余压应力可提高材料的疲劳寿命。

       

      Abstract: Residual stress will inevitably be introduced during the manufacture of mechanical components and products. Residual stress has an important impact on component performance and service life. There are many methods for testing residual stress. As a non-destructive testing method, X-ray testing technology has been widely used in engineering due to its mature theory and simple method. The author expounds the generation and influence of residual stress. The magnitudes and distribution characteristics of residual stresses produced by several typical manufacturing processes are compared, and the effects of residual stresses on component performance and failure are analyzed. Residual tensile stress is one of the important reasons for the early failure of materials. A certain range of residual compressive stress can improve the fatigue life of materials.

       

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