Abstract: When the tank is in discharging state during the extreme winter weather,the inner temperature fields change laws of storage tanks are analyzed,and the change laws of displacements,accelerations and stresses under the earthquake are studied.A set of monitoring system using optical fiber sensing technique to monitor large storage tank is established.Reasonable arrangement of the optical fiber sensor is designed.The system can use optical fiber sensing technology to real-time monitor large storage tank to ensure its safe operation.The liquid level,temperature and pressure can be detected inside the tanks;considering the rationality and operability of detection,strain sensors are placed on the outside to detect the stress variation for the outside tank.