Abstract: The long-distance pipeline would have subsidence deformation for the sake of natural disasters and artificial processes. Thus, monitoring the huge oil and gas transport pipeline system could discover abnormity instance without delay and prevent accidents to ensure the production and life. The distributed monitoring method of subsidence deformation of long-distance pipeline, presented in this paper, uses advanced distributed optical fiber sensing technology to monitor pipelines strain in real-time. According to the relationship between strain and deflection in beams large deformation theory, the deflection of pipeline could be calculated with numerical method. This monitoring method could analyze pipes deformation more intuitively and vividly to provide safety for long-distance pipeline.