Abstract: A review of the investigations that were made on the development and application of the NDT(Nondestructive testing) technique for pistons of highpower engines was presented. The NDT technologies used in advanced EBW(Electron Beam Welding) pistons were also recommended, including ultrasonic immersion testing for piston head with five probes, Xray realtime imaging for heads and bodies, ultrasonic immersion testing with six probes as well as industrial Xray computed tomography for electron beam welds, ultrasonic immersion testing for the bonding quality of ring carrier, etc. The important role of several NDT technologies comprehensively applied to quality controls of EBW pistons was discussed. Finally, the future research trends of the NDT technologies for the latest piston of particulates reinforced Al matrix composites were outlined.