Abstract: The asymmetric distribution of the residual stress in the roller is one of the factors inducing prematurely failures. Therefore it is very important for guiding the roller usage to measure the distribution of the residual stress nondestructively and quantitatively. In order to improve the examination precision and eliminate the temperature contrast between sound wedge and roller to influence the test result, an ultrasonic stress measuring system based on the LCR wave which adopted the mode of “one sending and two receiving”, was used to measure the residual stress of the cold rolling roller surface. The results indicated feasibility of measuring the residual stress of the cold rolling roller surface by using ultrasonic residual stress technology.