Abstract: In order to detect Dongfeng 4D locomotive axle comprehensively, the sample and defects were designed, and the ultrasonic testing methods and corresponding transducers were researched. The sample was designed 1∶1, 12 defects were designed as contrast defect for the various locomotive axle stress concentration points. Various testing methods with corresponding transducers were used to detect comprehensively, such as shear wave testing with different angle, small angle longitudinal testing with different angle, and the surface wave probe was used for the axel body, double crystal probe was designed to detect lateral press-fit line part. Through a variety of types and methods of ultrasonic testing, the comprehensive inspection could be achieved for Dongfeng 4D locomotive axle.