Abstract: The study is made to prove the feasibility of using the acoustic emission technology to detect the corrosion destruction condition of the liquid rocket oxidant vessels, whose main structure material is 5A03 aluminum alloy. The simulative test project using different concentrations of nitric acid to corrode 5A03 alloy is made according to the corrosion mechanism of the oxidant vessels in use. The corrosion process of 5A03 aluminium alloy is monitored by the acoustic emission technology for the first time in this article. The results show that the hits number can reflect the corrosion destruction condition of the alloy, and the distribution of the characteristic parameters, such as rise time, duration, ring-down counts and energy, is different obviously, and can be differed by 90% distribution interval. At last, the BP artificial neural network is build up to judge the corrosion damage degree with high accuracy, and the acoustic emission technology is proved feasible and predominant to inspect the corrosion condition of the oxidant vessel.