Abstract: In China, nondestructive testing technology has been widely used in construction engineering testing and has achieved significant results, ensuring construction quality and safety. The application of nondestructive testing technology in the protection of historical buildings was discussed. Research methods included reviewing domestic and international literature and analyzing specific cases such as digital mapping, rebound testing, ultrasonic testing, and compressive testing. These techniques are applied in the analysis of ancient building material properties, structural integrity assessment, archaeology, and dating. Results showed that nondestructive testing provided a scientific basis for the protection and restoration of historical buildings. In addition, the latest research results in this field abroad were reviewed. These studies not only enhanced the understanding of historical buildings but also promoted their sustainable inheritance and protection.