Abstract: To identify and analyze the magnetic leakage internal detection signals of long-distance oil and gas pipelines, firstly, explain the principle of magnetic leakage internal detection, then analyze the leakage magnetic signal, which includes radial, axial, and circumferential components. Each component can evaluate different dimensions of metal loss information, and there is a certain relationship between the leakage magnetic field and the depth of metal loss. Then, the characteristic signals of the pipeline were identified, including structural characteristic signals such as welds, flanges, valves, and typical characteristic signals such as sealing tees and external metal objects. The identification methods of defect signals such as metal loss, stress metal loss, and indentation were also introduced. Finally, the accuracy of signal recognition was verified through engineering examples. The experimental results show that magnetic flux leakage internal detection can detect pipeline defects and intrinsic features. Through relevant signal analysis, feature points can be accurately identified, and an inherent feature database can be established to provide assistance for accurate analysis of magnetic flux leakage internal detection data and rapid identification of magnetic flux leakage signals, ensuring the safe operation of long-distance oil and gas pipelines.