Abstract: The problem of error and leakage loading in the aircraft assembly process has an important impact on the quality of aircraft production and flight safety. In this paper, the impact of aircraft assembly process misfit on aircraft reliability and safety, the current status of research on misfit detection technology at home and abroad, and the development and challenges of aircraft assembly process misfit detection technology were investigated, and combined with the development and application of artificial intelligence technology, the research and review of intelligent detection technology for misfit detection in aircraft assembly process based on template matching, machine learning and deep learning were carried out, the current challenges and future development direction of aircraft assembly process error and omission detection technology were analyzed.