Axial stress detection method and system of bolts based on acoustoelastic effect
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摘要: 针对螺栓轴向应力的检测，开展了超声体波传播特性的理论与试验研究。基于声弹性效应，理论分析了轴向应力对螺栓的纵横波波速及长度的影响，同时提出了纵横波联合法数学模型，以实现螺栓轴向应力的准确性测量。设计了超声信号激励采集硬件电路，并开发相应的上位机软件，以此搭建螺栓组应力的超声检测系统。提取了M 24×100（螺纹直径×长度，mm）的10.9级碳钢螺栓的纵横波特征参数。结果表明，所选碳钢螺栓的应力测量值与实际应力值的平均误差小于5%，满足实际工况的使用需求。Abstract: For the detection of the axial stress of bolts, the theoretical and experimental research on the propagation characteristics of ultrasonic body waves was carried out. Based on the acoustoelastic effect, the influence of axial stress on the longitudinal and transverse wave velocity and length of the bolt was theoretically analyzed. At the same time, a mathematical model of the combination method of longitudinal and transverse waves was proposed to realize the accurate measurement of bolt axial stress. The ultrasonic signal excitation acquisition hardware circuit was designed, and the corresponding host computer software was developed to build an ultrasonic system for bolt group stress detection. The characteristic parameters of longitudinal and transverse waves of grade 10.9 carbon steel bolts with a size of M24×100 (thread diameter×length, mm) were extracted experimentally. The results showed that the average error rate between the measured stress value and the actual stress value of the selected carbon steel bolts was less than 5%, which met the needs of actual working conditions.
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