Visual characterization method of cracks based on laser 3D scanning
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摘要: 疲劳裂纹是飞机服役过程中的常见损伤，激光三维扫描技术可通过获取点云数据实现结构参数的三维重构，但在用于裂纹识别和表征时，面临局部裂纹与结构尺寸之间存在跨尺度效应的问题。为此，基于目视检测难易程度，选取人工裂纹、易于目视可见裂纹、目视可见裂纹和目视勉强可见裂纹等4种典型裂纹特征作为研究对象，提取裂纹长度、裂纹宽度和裂纹两侧高度差作为重构参数来表征局部裂纹特征，并采用光学显微镜对裂纹特征参数进行定量。随后对4种裂纹特征开展激光三维扫描建模试验，分析重构参数对激光三维扫描裂纹特征识别和建模精度的影响。试验结果表明，激光三维扫描技术可以精确识别与表征裂纹特征，为飞机结构裂纹可视化表征提供了一种新的技术手段。Abstract: Structural crack is a common damage form for aircraft. Laser 3D scanning technology can realize 3D reconstruction of structural parameters by obtaining point cloud data, but it is faced with the cross scale effect between local crack and structure size when applied to crack detection and identification. To address this issue, based on the difficulty of visual inspection, four cracks of artificial crack, crack propagating to edge of the sample, visible crack, and barely visible crack were selected as objects, and three reconstruction parameters of crack length, crack width and height difference on both sides of crack were extracted to characterize crack characteristics, and the parameters were quantitatively measured using optical microscope. Then, the laser 3D scanning crack modeling test was carried out on the four cracks,and the effects of reconstruction parameters on the crack characteristics recognition and modeling accuracy were analyzed. The results show that the laser 3D scanning technology was able to accurately identify and characterize the characteristics of cracks, which might provides a novel technical means for the visual characterization of aircraft structure cracks.
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