Abstract: Ultrasonic C-scan and A-scan tests were carried out on a kind of structure function integrated composite sample containing metamaterials. Aiming at the problem that the 5 MHz probe can not detect the near surface delamination and the wave of 15 MHz probe can not penetrate the sample, the ultrasonic transducer with high resolution and high penetration has been developed and customized. The ultrasonic testing method and characteristic defect determination method applicable to the structure function integrated composite materials containing metamaterials have been established, and the actual testing of a typical structural part has been carried out. The results show that the ultrasonic water jet penetration method can effectively detect defects such as delamination and debonding, which is suitable for the detection in the manufacturing stage; Using the customized improved high-frequency probe for contact reflection detection can reliably and intuitively detect the internal structure and obtain the defect information of materials, which is suitable for assembly and in-service detection.