Abstract: Based on the electromagnetic field theory and finite element method, this paper aims to use the Maxwell software to establish a numerical calculation model of the motional eddy current magnetic field for ferromagnetic and non-ferromagnetic metal component with subsurface defects. The effects of subsurface defect depth, motion speed, and sensor position on the defect signal are studied through simulation. Followed that, a corresponding rapid detection experiment platform for subsurface defects of high-speed rotating components is built up and an experimental verification is carried out.