Abstract: The defect formation mechanism, defect signal model and corresponding reliable detection technology of composite materials in their whole life cycle are studied, and the defect database of composite materials system based on domestic large aircraft and open to the whole aviation industry chain is constructed. The defect database can not only improve the standardization and consistency of personnel detection, but also provide data basis for intelligent aided identification and evaluation technology of aviation composite defects, and promote the automation and intelligent development of aviation composite detection.