Abstract: The uneven settlement of the storage tank is calculated by using the finite element software ABAQUS, and the structural response of the tank under different working conditions is obtained. It is found that the large settlement area will lead to significant differences in stress distribution. Through independent packaging of fiber grating strain sensors and carrying out settlement simulation experiments with different liquid levels and different settlement areas, the dynamic monitoring of the stress of the wall and edge plates of the experimental storage tank were realized, and the experimental data were fitted with least squares polynomials to obtain different order simulations. The fitting coefficient curve and the first derivative value of the fourth-order fitting curve are found to show that the stress of the tank wall and edge plate of the storage tank conforms to the change trend of the high-order polynomial curve. Comprehensive analysis shows that the high liquid level of the storage tank causes large changes in the stress of the tank wall, edge plates and fillet welds, and uneven settlement causes the stress changes on the wall plates to increase or decrease in a non-linear manner. Under the same working conditions, the inflection point of stress change at high liquid level appears earlier than that at low liquid level, and the tank deforms greatly and changes quickly.