Abstract: As refering to the latest international standards, the paper aims to interpret the typical defect images of welds detected by FMC and TFM method (Full Matrix Capture and Total Focus Method), and sum up a spectrum reading element: “understand the principle of FMC and TFM; understand the imaging path; be familiar with simulation modeling; know the truth/pseudo display”. The purpose of this article is to provide a useful reference for improvement of NDT evaluation technology of phased array ultrasonic FMC and TFM technology.