Abstract: Residual stress will inevitably be introduced during the manufacture of mechanical components and products. Residual stress has an important impact on component performance and service life. There are many methods for testing residual stress. As a nondestructive testing method, X-ray testing technology has been widely used in engineering due to its mature theory and simple method. Based on the principle of X-ray test technology, ten aspects that have an important impact on the accuracy of test results were analyzed and technical measures to obtain accurate test results were proposed.