Abstract: X-ray digital imaging technology is a nondestructive testing technology with real-time imaging. In order to apply this technology to the post irradiation examination of fuel rods, a complete set of imaging equipment suitable for highly radioactive environment has been established. Through the analysis of the characteristics of the test object and the examination process, the suitable test parameters are determined. The image quality obtained by the artificial defect simulation can meet the requirements of the examination. The technique has been successfully applied to the evaluation of reactor fuel performance and failure analysis of damaged fuel elements.