Abstract: Surface quality monitoring of aero-engine turbine blade is needed during the ground or high altitude simulation test. In order to reduce the unnecessary procedures of engine off-stage, decomposition, assembly and re-stage, and to monitor the conditions of existing cracks inside the engine blade, this paper designs the in-situ detection technology of aero-engine turbine blade with endoscope and fluorescence penetration. The experimental research has proven that the technology not only solves the problem of in-situ fluorescent penetration testing of aero-engine turbine blades and ensures the safety of engine test, but also improves the detection efficiency. It is expected to be popularized and applied.