Abstract: In order to realize the automatic detection, identification and counting of the steel bar of the high-speed railway ballastless track plate, this paper systematically compares and analyzes the structure of the high-speed railway ballastless track plate and the main types of diseases and their causes and the advantages and disadvantages of the corresponding non-destructive testing methods. Ground Penetrating Radar is undoubtedly a good method to employ, so this paper studies the defect detection technology of the ballastless track plate based on GPR and the algorithm of Scale Invariant Feature Transform(SIFT) is employed to extract and establish feature points with the repeated and mismatched feature points being removed at the same time. In addition, the method of template matching is also used to count the number of steel bars, which lays a good foundation for further exploratory.