Abstract: According to the imaging principle, the analysis shows the imaging distortion is from the radial and perspective. A special imaging model about the surface image of the CCD area-array camera is established. A fast spreading and splicing algorithm is proposed. The relationship between the original image and the reconstructed image is obtained. The image is reconstructed by bilinear interpolation method. Phase correlation method was used to get translational information and splice images in two ways, and the complete axle workpiece spreading images were created. The experimental results indicate that it takes 1.793 s to spread and splice 6 axle surface images into a rectangular image with the resolution of 1 624 pixel×750 pixel. The average time of each spreading is 0.090 s. The relative errors of the defects' geometric characteristic are less than 3.9%. The method could satisfy the real time and accuracy requirements of the axle workpiece's surface detection.