Abstract: The traditional test equipments fail to monitor the rail real-time, which leads to the occurrence of leak and mistakenly identified. And the monitoring of rail damage has become an important issue in the development of national railway. In this paper, a rail damage monitoring hardware system has been built based on the internet of things and structural health monitoring technology. With the piezoelectric sensor array placed in fork rail waist, piezoelectric excited by the Lamb wave sensor, experiments on the artificial paste in different lengths of rail head surface damage were carried out. The results show that the system can effectively detect the rail damage information.