Effect of Metallographic Structure of the Carbon Steel Axle on Its Ultrasonic Transmission Performance
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摘要: 针对LZ50和C35e车轴的超声检测时轴向超声波透声不良的问题，对采用相同生产工艺且晶粒度级别基本相同的相应规格的车轴进行解剖分析。结果表明：超声波透声性能不良车轴的金相组织存在区域性珠光体聚集，或存在珠光体、铁素体群的区域性分布，局部伴有类似针状的铁素体；而超声波透声性能合格车轴的金相组织呈均匀的“珠光体+铁素体”细晶粒组织。实践表明，这种珠光体聚集或珠光体、铁素体群的区域性分布会使轴向超声波散射衰减增大，而且这种组织比局部单个大晶粒对轴向超声波散射衰减的影响更大。实际生产中，应对钢坯冶炼、轧制及车轴锻造和热处理过程进行有效地控制，才能消除或削弱这种组织的存在。Abstract: With regard to the poor axial ultrasonic transmission of the LZ50 and C35e axles, the axles of the corresponding specification varieties with the same process and the same grain sizes were anatomically analyzed. The results show that the regional pearlite aggregation or regional distribution of pearlite and ferrite group (locally accompanied by needle-like ferrite) exist in the metallographic structure of poor axial ultrasonic transmission axles. On the other hand, a uniformly distributed pearlite and ferrite fine grain structure exists in the metallographic structure of axles with qualified ultrasonic transmission. Practice shows that the pearlite aggregation or the regional distribution of pearlite, ferrite group will make the axial ultrasonic scattering attenuation increase, and the influence of such microstructure on axial ultrasonic scattering attenuation is greater than locally single great grain. In practice, billet smelting, rolling and axle forging and heat treatment should be effectively controlled to eliminate or weaken the existence of this kind of structure.
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Keywords:
- permeability /
- grain /
- pearlite /
- ferrite /
- ultrasonic attenuation
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[1] 李家伟,陈积懋.无损检测手册[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2002. [2] KOPEC B,王兴贤.利用超声波衰减研究铁路车轴的异常组织[J].国外机车车辆工艺,1985(6):33-36.
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