Abstract: In power batteries detection, edge detection technology has found a lot of applications, and plays an important role in the X-Ray inspection technology. In this paper, an in-depth analysis and research was undertaken for the edge detection of power battery X-Ray image, and the ten-neighborhood edge detection algorithm was hence proposed. The algorithm solved X-Ray image broken edges by the traditional edge detection algorithms. According to a large number of data it is proven that our algorithm can accurately extract valid edge from much image noise and reduce the generation of pseudo edges. The algorithm has strong adaptability in the X-Ray image detection.