Analysis of target detection algorithm for pipeline circumferential weld defects based on YOLOv5

Based on magnetic flux leakage internal detection technology, the PyTorch framework was used and the YOLOv5 algorithm was applied to automatically identify defects in pipeline circumferential weld seam magnetic flux leakage signal images. Through further optimization and improvement of the algorithm, its impact on the accuracy of automatic recognition was analyzed. The experimental results indicated that after image data mixing and enhancement in the model, all indicators were significantly improved and the average accuracy of IoU thresholds greater than 0.5 was improved by nearly 30%. By adding small object detection layers, the average loss function of object detection was significantly reduced and the object detection effect of defects in images was improved. The recognition rate of defects in images was significantly improved, with a maximum increase of 11.05%, achieving good automatic recognition results. This proposed method provided effective ideas and technical means for the interpretation of abnormal signal data of pipeline circumferential welds, and played an important role in the intelligent detection of pipelines in actual production operations.